Dog barking complaint

Dog barking complaint

Dog barking complaint. NUISANCE is defined as: “Excessive barking that deprives others of the comfortable enjoyment of their homes. When the barking is loud, frequent and continues over a long …Whether you speak with your neighbour or make a formal complaint to Council it's important not to make the situation worse. These actions can have the opposite effect and cause more barking: Yelling at the dog. Causing loud noises such as banging pots and pans. Hosing the dog over the fence. Throwing food or toys over the fence. The city health department hasn't taken action, either, so she decides to go to small claims court. She looks up her city's ordinances online and finds an ordinance stating that dogs that bark loudly and disturb neighbors are a nuisance. Mattie files her complaint, and the court clerk sets a date for the hearing. Filing a Complaint. Report the barking dog to your animal control officer or appropriate authority. You might have to fill out a formal complaint form, including your and your neighbor's name and address, and the time the nuisance barking occurred. Remember that by filing a formal complaint, you indicate that you're willing to appear in court ...When Animal Control receives a complaint, a license and rabies vaccination check is done. The normal procedure is to a send letter to the dog owner and make him/her aware of the complaint and a letter to the complainant advising what the next steps are. If the barking continues the complainant must call after 10 days and within 30 days.A dog shall not be deemed a nuisance if, at any time the dog is making noise, a person is trespassing or threatening to trespass upon the private property where the dog is situated, or when the dog is being teased or provoked.” This form is to be used only for initial barking complaints. The animal owner's address is required. Once the form ...The following outlines the escalation of enforcement that Augusta Animal Services uses to address nuisance barking: 1. Issue a warning to the dog owner after the first complaint from a non-anonymous witness. 2. Issue a citation for the dog owner to appear in court if there are continued complaints after the 1stwarning and any the following ...Jul 25, 2013 · Barking comes naturally to dogs, but the constant barking or whining of a dog can be disturbing or annoying for the neighbours. Often the problem occurs when the dog's owner is out of the house and so the owner doesn't know until someone complains. In law, a barking dog can be a noise nuisance. The owner can be taken to court if he does nothing ... Peppermint bark is a classic holiday treat loved by many. Its combination of rich chocolate and refreshing peppermint creates a delightful flavor that is hard to resist. If you’ve ...Make sure your dog has enough to do every day to stop them from getting bored. Establish a good routine - your dog may be barking to communicate that they want to play, want food or need attention. Make sure that you have a daily routine in place for your dog which includes meal times as well as play and exercise, at around the same time each day.If you have any questions about a possible nuisance situation, please call 311 or 704-336-7600. ACC 's response to first time complaints will be to notify the owner by mail that we received a complaint concerning their animals and recommendations to remedy the situation. If future calls are submitted, an officer will be dispatched to evaluate ...You may make bylaw complaints for a limited number of issues online: Dog barking excessively. Property with excessive dog defecation. Property with dangerous snow or ice on the sidewalk. Unlicensed pet. Untidy or unsightly nuisance property. Noxious weed infestation on private property only. You must call 311 to make all other complaints.Jul 10, 2023 ... To submit a request for service or information, contact 311. ... Contact the Corporate Access and Privacy Officer by mail (City Clerk's Department ...Since dogs were first domesticated, they have been and will always be man’s best friend. From old-school working dogs to modern ball-fetching fidos, dogs set the gold standard for ...The council will investigate and, if necessary, issue an abatement notice to the dog’s owner. If a dog owner doesn’t comply with the abatement notice, they can be fined. For dog owners. Dogs bark for many reasons and there are ways to manage this. The following tips might help. Tips to reduce excessive barking. Reasons for excessive barking ...Muzak is out. Indie is in. American Airlines passengers have noticed one recent improvement during boarding, and after landing: the music is better. Specifically, the airline—now t...You may also phone in your complaint to 702-267-4980 but you must leave all information for an officer to respond. This includes your name and address and the ...The San Diego Police Department does not respond to calls about barking dogs. Complainants can try talking to the owner, contacting the landlord or mediation through the National Conflict Resolution Center at 619-238-2400. You can also submit a Request for Investigation to City of San Diego Code Enforcement.Urgent complaints. To report dog attacks and all dog barking complaints - call us on 09 301 0101. Do not submit an online form for these complaints. Non-urgent complaints - contact us. We will protect your identity and take action according to …Filing a Complaint. Report the barking dog to your animal control officer or appropriate authority. You might have to fill out a formal complaint form, including your and your neighbor's name and address, and the time the nuisance barking occurred. Remember that by filing a formal complaint, you indicate that you're willing to appear in court ...Dog Law Complaint Form. ... *Barking Dogs - Contact your local municipality *Cats - Contact your local municipality * Dog Owner Information. Name . Address. City * Complaint Details (please include specific information including addresses, names, and dates) If you wish to speak to someone about dog law issues, please call (717) 787-3062. ...INITIAL COMPLAINT. The complainant must first initiate a complaint in writing by submitting a completed Barking Dog Complaint Form to OCAC. Complaint forms can be submitted in the following ways: ONLINE www.OCPETINFO.COM. FAX (714) 259-1087. MAIL OC Animal Care. Barking Dog/Animal Nuisance Program. 1630 Victory Road.Stray (Loose) or Confined Animals. Surrender Your Pet. Vaccination. Vicious / Restricted Ordinance. Volunteers. VicNet. Wildlife Resources. Government Websites by CivicPlus®. Dog noise complaints in the unincorporated areas of Santa Barbara County are investigated by Animal Control Officers.There are few things less irritating than the sound of a neighbour’s dog that won’t stop barking. Barking is a normal behaviour of dogs. Safe to say, if there are any dogs in the neighbourhood, you may expect them to bark. Problems occur for owners, neighbours, and the dog when this barking gets extreme. RSPCA NSW receives …Dog barking is one of HAS’s most common citizen complaints. For many on the receiving end of the barking, the noise can be a source of anxiety, angst or annoyance that can last for days, weeks, months and even years at a time. Dr. Sheppard recently spoke to the Huntsville City Council about dog barking and what Huntsville residents dealing ...You may make bylaw complaints for a limited number of issues online: Dog barking excessively. Property with excessive dog defecation. Property with dangerous snow or ice on the sidewalk. Unlicensed pet. Untidy or unsightly nuisance property. Noxious weed infestation on private property only. You must call 311 to make all other complaints.Legal Definition of Excessive Barking in California. Excessive barking in California is defined as a nuisance act that causes a reasonable person to be disturbed or annoyed.. The law defines it as any continuous, repetitive, unnecessary, and excessive dog barking which continues for an extended period of time and substantially interferes with … 4. Share your documentation with Animal Services. Email the completed Barking Dog Complaint Form (PDF) (keeping a copy for your records) to Snohomish County Animal Services at [email protected] . You will be contacted by the Animal Services Coordinator who will provide you with a case number. Animal Services staff respond to barking complaints during the day between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. After hours, the police will respond. For the first complaint at a ...the mandalorian season 4prime core technologies Animal noise complaints are registered with Pima Animal Care Center (PACC) by submitting a complaint form here or by calling 520-724-5972 to speak with a PACC ...In Brisbane, animal noise such as a barking dog, a squawking parrot or the trilling call of a guinea-hen is considered a nuisance when it unreasonably disrupts or inhibits activities at adjoining premises or nearby residential land. Under Council’s Animals Local Law 2017 (the local law), a person must not keep an animal if it causes a noise ...In today’s digital age, customer complaints can quickly spread through social media and online review platforms, potentially damaging a company’s reputation. That’s why having an e...If all of this is unsuccessful, you may call 303-271-5070, ext. 0 and file a formal complaint. Depending on what prior contacts we have with the dog owner, we ... Complete a Nuisance Animal Affidavit. Call 253-798-PETS (7387) and we’ll mail the form to you. Or, download the form. Submit the Nuisance Animal Affidavit by mail or email attachment: Pierce County Sheriff's Department. 14113 Pacific Ave S, Parkland, WA 98444. Email: [email protected]. TIP: Don’t stop documenting the noise. Write this type of letter to complain about a barking dog, such as a neighbor's disruptive barking dog. Include any pertinent details in your letter, such as the dates and times on which the barking has taken place. [Your letterhead, if desired; if not, your return address] [Date of letter-month, day, and year] [Recipient's first and last names] Have you recently filed a complaint with the Better Business Bureau (BBB) and want to know its current status? The BBB provides consumers with a simple and transparent process to t...Approximately 90% of barking complaints are resolved after the Officer's initial visit. Some 8% of complaints require multiple visits - the Officer often requires Barking Logs at this point to convince a dog owner that a violation is occurring. One or two percent of complaints result in fines or injunctions. If Barking ContinuesFirst, ask your neighbor to keep the dog quiet. Sometimes pet owners grow tolerant to the noises of their own animals, or may simply have sufficient soundproofing to mute the … Here is a checklist of actions to take when you're losing patience (or sleep) over a neighbor's noisy dog. Ask your neighbor to keep the dog quiet. Try mediation, especially if you and the neighbor have other issues. Contact animal control authorities and request that they enforce local laws restricting noise. Call the police. adgaurd dnshow to repair ceiling cracks According to the ASPCA, citronella is toxic to dogs in large doses, but small quantities are not harmful. The ASPCA notes that citronella is safe for use in collars that deter dogs...Barking Dog Complaint Information What Do You Do? A barking dog can be annoying and disruptive to a neighborhood for both the neighbors and owners. In Marion County Code 6.05.050, a disturbing dog noise is described as barking, whining, howling or similar sounds. If a dog(s) barks, whines, howls or makes similar sounds for more than fifteen ...Jul 25, 2013 · Barking comes naturally to dogs, but the constant barking or whining of a dog can be disturbing or annoying for the neighbours. Often the problem occurs when the dog's owner is out of the house and so the owner doesn't know until someone complains. In law, a barking dog can be a noise nuisance. The owner can be taken to court if he does nothing ... Step 1: When Animal Control receives a complaint of a barking dog, an Animal Control Officer will leave a "Complaint Notice" at the residence of the barking dog. If no additional complaints are received within 30 days, this is the end of the process. Step 2: If another complaint on the same barking dog is received more than 24 hours after the ... speaking naturally software 4. Share your documentation with Animal Services. Email the completed Barking Dog Complaint Form (PDF) (keeping a copy for your records) to Snohomish County Animal Services at [email protected] . You will be contacted by the Animal Services Coordinator who will provide you with a case number. video game developer salarybest way to learn pythonpalace chase air force If possible, keep your pet inside the house. The less your dog is exposed to people walking by, other barking dogs, cars, motorcycles, sirens and the like, the less likely your dog will bark. Spend time playing with your dog, and provide constructive exercise like walking. This will give the dog a sense of security and a feeling of belonging.The Dispute Settlement Centre provides free advice to help neighbours sort out problems such as barking dogs, phone 1800 658 528. If you want to make a complaint to Council, we ask that you to keep a diary for a week to record how often the dog is barking. This is so we can determine whether the barking is causing an unreasonable disturbance. how to change input on samsung tv Dec 30, 2023 · 2. Separation anxiety: Dogs can develop separation anxiety when left alone for extended periods, leading to constant barking. 3. Environmental triggers: Dogs may react to environmental stimuli such as other animals, unfamiliar noises, or visual disturbances, resulting in excessive barking. coolest movie theaters los angeles There are few things less irritating than the sound of a neighbour’s dog that won’t stop barking. Barking is a normal behaviour of dogs. Safe to say, if there are any dogs in the neighbourhood, you may expect them to bark. Problems occur for owners, neighbours, and the dog when this barking gets extreme. RSPCA NSW receives …If you see any signs of executor misconduct, you have a right to pursue a legal complaint about that person. Then depending on whether the executor gives a valid reply or not, you ...Kerry G. Patton. First, know your local statutes, so you know exactly what your responsibilities are concerning the barking of your dogs. Then, if you do proceed to court in defense of your side, be sure those supporting neighbors are willing to testify on your behalf. Finally, it may be a worthwhile investment for you to seek counsel from a ...Answer #2. In India, a complaint against a dog owner can be filed if the owner is found to be violating any of the guidelines set forth by the Animal Welfare Board of India for pet ownership or if they let their dog roam freely in public areas and creates nuisance. If the dog causes harm or nuisance to someone, the affected person can file a ...FILING AN ANIMAL NOISE COMPLAINT . If you live in one of Pasadena Humane’s 11 service cities, the following is the process to declare a neighbor’s pet a “public nuisance”: Step 1: Complete the Animal Noise Complaint Form. Step 2: Pasadena Humane will make a reasonable effort to find resolution to the reported problem by contacting the pet’s … how to be more positiveeugene oregon breweries In Brisbane, animal noise such as a barking dog, a squawking parrot or the trilling call of a guinea-hen is considered a nuisance when it unreasonably disrupts or inhibits activities at adjoining premises or nearby residential land. Under Council’s Animals Local Law 2017 (the local law), a person must not keep an animal if it causes a noise ...Step 1: When Animal Control receives a complaint of a barking dog, an Animal Control Officer will leave a "Complaint Notice" at the residence of the barking dog. If no additional complaints are received within 30 days, this is the end of the process. Step 2: If another complaint on the same barking dog is received more than 24 hours after the ...To report a barking dog during the day, contact Animal Services and provide the physical address where the dog is located. Animal Services initially responds to these complaints with a letter to the owner advising that a complaint has been made, and provides educational materials on why dogs bark and actions the owner can take to help alleviate ... best budget hotels in las vegas Here is a checklist of actions to take when you're losing patience (or sleep) over a neighbor's noisy dog. Ask your neighbor to keep the dog quiet. Try mediation, especially if you and the neighbor have other issues. Contact animal control authorities and request that they enforce local laws restricting noise. Call the police. First, ask your neighbor to keep the dog quiet. Sometimes pet owners grow tolerant to the noises of their own animals, or may simply have sufficient soundproofing to mute the …If the dog barks every time you step into your yard or venture near his property, try blocking his vision by planting a hedge or … how to merge pdf files macwill ferrell elf Report the matter to your local Environmental Health Department. Court action. Below is some good advice on how to proceed with each of the above options: 1. Contact the Neighbour. If a dog is constantly barking in your street and is causing a nuisance, there are laws to address this issue.Oct 12, 2015 · Barking. Monday, October 12, 2015 | Barking is a common complaint from both dog owners and their neighbors. Occasional barking is natural, but continuous barking for long periods of time is a problem that needs to be addressed. The first step. Find out why or when your dog is barking. Understanding the causes will help you best address the problem. Answer #2. In India, a complaint against a dog owner can be filed if the owner is found to be violating any of the guidelines set forth by the Animal Welfare Board of India for pet ownership or if they let their dog roam freely in public areas and creates nuisance. If the dog causes harm or nuisance to someone, the affected person can file a ...Dogs are known for their wide range of vocalizations, from barks and howls to whines and growls. These sounds can communicate a variety of messages, from expressing fear or excitem...The first step is to talk to your neighbors about their barking dog. · If the owners do nothing about the noise, or are unreachable, your next option is to call ...Peppermint bark is a classic holiday treat loved by many. Its combination of rich chocolate and refreshing peppermint creates a delightful flavor that is hard to resist. If you’ve ...Each year, thousands of people make complaints to local government bodies about their neighbour's barking dogs. So many complaints are made that many local councils now have their own brochures and web pages specifically outlining what actions you can consider taking if you are experiencing offensive noise caused by your neighbour's dog.Answer #2. In India, a complaint against a dog owner can be filed if the owner is found to be violating any of the guidelines set forth by the Animal Welfare Board of India for pet ownership or if they let their dog roam freely in public areas and creates nuisance. If the dog causes harm or nuisance to someone, the affected person can file a ...The Colony Animal Services fields nuisance barking and other animal-related disturbances during our regular operating hours. To file a complaint, contact Animal Control with your name, address, and a contact phone number, as well as the location of the nuisance animals. Once we have this information, we will make contact with the animal owner ...No se requiere mascarilla o protectores faciales para entrar al Tribunal Municipal de Phoenix, 300 W. Washington Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85003-2103. If you have questions, would like to confirm a court date, or have an updated address or phone number, please contact the Phoenix City Prosecutor’s Office at 602-262-6461. Si tiene preguntas, le ...Barking Dog Complaint Information What Do You Do? A barking dog can be annoying and disruptive to a neighborhood for both the neighbors and owners. In Marion County Code 6.05.050, a disturbing dog noise is described as barking, whining, howling or similar sounds. If a dog(s) barks, whines, howls or makes similar sounds for more than fifteen ... breyers vanilla ice cream All dogs bark. However, when barking becomes a neighborhood nuisance, there are steps you can take to address the problem. Following the steps below will give you the best chances of achieving a quiet, happy neighborhood. ... document the ongoing issue for at least 7 days using the Barking Dog Complaint Form (PDF). Note: Using the Edge …For complaints that do go to court, Schellhaas says excessive barking is a misdemeanor and the judge could fine you up to 300 dollars. "Or they can even take your animal away from you. Depending on how severe the complaint is and your actions you have taken to it," Schellhaas said. KBOI-TV CBS 2 covers news, sports, traffic, and …Step 3: If the noise continues, submit a complaint. If the barking continues after discussing the issue with your neighbor or notifying them of the problem, file a formal complaint online or by calling 970.226.3647 ext. 7. Before filing a complaint please have the following information available at a minimum: The address for the animal (s ...Dogs make amazing pets for a variety of reasons. They’re often protective of their owners, help keep you active, can help relieve stress or anxiety, and offer a level of companions... asana vs trello The following outlines the escalation of enforcement that Augusta Animal Services uses to address nuisance barking: 1. Issue a warning to the dog owner after the first complaint from a non-anonymous witness. 2. Issue a citation for the dog owner to appear in court if there are continued complaints after the 1stwarning and any the following ...To report a barking dog in Albuquerque, submit an online Animal Noise Complaint or call 311. Report a Barking Dog. My Neighbor's Dog Makes Too Much Noise. What Can I Do About It? You can call 311 or fill out an online form. A letter will be sent to the owner, giving a seven-day notice to resolve the problem. If the noise continues after seven ...Step 3. Document the information clearly and accurately if you must file a written complaint. Most barking complaints will ask for a description of the dog and the name and address of the dog's owner, as well as your name and address. Cite all the incidents you recorded in your log, providing as much information as possible about each … climb mount kilimanjaro barking dog, call King County Animal Control (206-296-7387). For all other noise problems, you should call the Bellevue Police Department (425-452-6917). If it is a stationary source noise problem, Code Compliance will come to your property with a noise ... Animal Noises: Dog barking is the most common complaint. For a full discussion of ...Report a barking dog After you've reported it. An officer will be assigned to deal with your complaint; They will tell the owner of the dog(s) that a complaint has been made and give them advice about how best to resolve the problem; They will write to you to confirm that they have spoken with the owner; In most cases this first approach ...Muzak is out. Indie is in. American Airlines passengers have noticed one recent improvement during boarding, and after landing: the music is better. Specifically, the airline—now t...We found out the airlines with the most complaints and surveyed Americans about their biggest inflight pet peeves. See what tops the list! We may be compensated when you click on p... what to do during an earthquakemarketing resume There are few things less irritating than the sound of a neighbour’s dog that won’t stop barking. Barking is a normal behaviour of dogs. Safe to say, if there are any dogs in the neighbourhood, you may expect them to bark. Problems occur for owners, neighbours, and the dog when this barking gets extreme. RSPCA NSW receives …Report noise from a domestic animal other than a dog. If you are complaining about barking noise, DEP will send a letter about the noise to the dog's owner within 7 days of getting your complaint. The letter will include information explaining how to curb the dog's noise. If a letter is sent to the dog's owner, DEP will also send you a letter ...This is known as demand barking. Generally, this behavior is a result of your dog trying to get attention or another need met. If your dog is barking at you excessively, ignore your dog’s ...My neighbour's dog is barking excessively. Try talking to the dog's owner clearly and politely about the problem first. They may not even be aware of the problem if the dog is only barking when they are out. You may be …Process to File a Barking Dog Criminal Charge. Talk to your neighbor. Try mediation. Document dates and times when dog (s) are barking. Obtain signatures of at least 3 parties (no more than 2 of the parties may reside at the same residence). Gather evidence such as videotapes, audio tapes, or written log of barking incidents.If the barking continues for more than 14 days after the initial notification and a further complaint is received then an investigation will take place. Council operates as the regulator, when investigating barking complaints. Sufficient evidence must be obtained to confirm the existence of a nuisance, before action can be taken against a dog ...Dog Law Complaint Form. ... *Barking Dogs - Contact your local municipality *Cats - Contact your local municipality * Dog Owner Information. Name . Address. City * Complaint Details (please include specific information including addresses, names, and dates) If you wish to speak to someone about dog law issues, please call (717) 787-3062. ...Barking is the normal way a dog communicates vocally, but a barking dog can be a serious neighborhood nuisance. Some suggestions if your dog is barking and disturbing your neighbours: Take your dog inside when he/she starts to bark. Sometimes dogs bark when they are not getting adequate care, if they are lonely, bored or looking for attention.Are you a fan of delicious and decadent treats? Look no further than almond bark. This sweet confection is incredibly versatile and can be enjoyed on its own or used as a base for ...Dog Barking Complaint Letter Examples. 1. The Gentle Reminder “Dear [Neighbor’s Name], I hope this letter finds you well. I wanted to bring up a small issue regarding the barking of your lovely dog, [Dog’s Name]. Lately, it’s been a bit more frequent, especially during late hours. It would be great if you could look into it.Mar 13, 2021 · Generally the ‘guilty party’ will be asked to desist from making the noise, and if they fail to do so, further steps can be taken – such as fines issued by the authorities or an action ... This is known as demand barking. Generally, this behavior is a result of your dog trying to get attention or another need met. If your dog is barking at you excessively, ignore your dog’s ...If you are experiencing a problem with a barking dog, you must submit a written complaint to the Animal Shelter serving your area. To file a complaint, you must write a letter … the swarm tv series Nov 1, 2019 · An online complaint form is available. In the cities of Carlsbad, Del Mar, El Cajon, Encinitas, Escondido, La Mesa, Oceanside, Poway, San Marcos, Santee, Solana Beach or Vista, contact San Diego Humane Society by filling out a barking dog complaint form. Residents of the unincorporated county can call 858-694-3741. An Animal Service Officer will do a welfare check on the animals reported. This officer will advise the pet owner the base of the complaint is noise related and ...To lodge a complaint about someone else’s pet, please call 311 or 1.800.835.6428 (toll free in Nova Scotia only). When you call to complain about another person’s pet, you will be expected to provide: the civic address of the animal owner. a description of the animal. the time and location of where the incident occurred. free program to make graphics Complaints that are considered a public nuisance (barking, damage to property, or impeding lawful movement) are required to be submitted in writing. Please contact a Community Service Officer at (530) 550-2320 for additional information. FILE A COMPLAINT ONLINE: Barking Complaint Form | Animal Complaint Form . …Dog Barking Complaint Form. The City of Douglass Hills' ordinance (see attached) requires that before action can be taken on a barking dog compliant, that the City obtains a statement from two separate residences, identifying the specific location of the bark and that such barking is of such a character, intensity as to disturb the peace, quiet ...Each year, thousands of people make complaints to local government bodies about their neighbour's barking dogs. So many complaints are made that many local councils now have their own brochures and web pages specifically outlining what actions you can consider taking if you are experiencing offensive noise caused by your neighbour's dog. solo leveling ep 1most dangerous town in usa a) First complaint. After receiving a complaint over the phone or in writing involving a whining, barking, howling, or similar dog noise, SEAACA shall issues a written notice or letter to the guardian or person having custody of the dog or dogs advising persons of the noise complaint and requesting immediate abatement of any excessive …If you are experiencing a problem with a barking dog, you must submit a written complaint to the Animal Shelter serving your area. To file a complaint, you must write a letter … love on the right course For instance, if a dog is a fan of “demand barking” whenever it’s bored, take a long walk before a Zoom meeting and offer it a puzzle feeder or a Kong stuffed with …1. Strained neighborly relationships: Continuous excessive barking can lead to strained relationships, causing tension and conflicts among neighbors. 2. Violation of noise ordinances: Local jurisdictions typically have noise regulations in place that restrict excessive noise levels during certain hours.KENNEBUNK, Maine — The owner of a local dog kennel is now proposing to install soundproof fencing at her business to help reduce the noise levels of barking that …In Aurora, pet owners are responsible to ensure that their dogs are not creating a disturbance in the neighborhood (Sec. 14-72). Contact us at 303.326.8288 or online through Access Aurora to file your complaint. Provide the exact address of the barking dog residence. If possible, provide us with a basic description of the vocalizing dog. A dog shall not be deemed a nuisance if, at any time the dog is making noise, a person is trespassing or threatening to trespass upon the private property where the dog is situated, or when the dog is being teased or provoked.” This form is to be used only for initial barking complaints. The animal owner's address is required. Once the form ... Whether you speak with your neighbour or make a formal complaint to Council it's important not to make the situation worse. These actions can have the opposite effect and cause more barking: Yelling at the dog. Causing loud noises such as banging pots and pans. Hosing the dog over the fence. Throwing food or toys over the fence.Barking can signify anything from playfulness to danger. However, dogs can bark excessively when they are. chained to a fixed point without enough room to move, or kept in a space which is too small. victims of abuse. If you suspect a dog is being mistreated, contact an RSPCA inspector on (02) 9770 7555 or 1300 278 3589, or visit the RSPCA …The ads are reminiscent of the bygone era of "Help Wanted—Male" newspaper ads. Facebook’s ad-targeting technology is once again getting the company in trouble. The American Civil L...How to Report Problem Barking. Animal Control recommends talking face to face with the dog's owner as a first step. We offer a Problem Barking Brochure (PDF) as a guide for dog owners that might be of assistance. If all of this is unsuccessful, you may call 303-271-5070, ext. 0 and file a formal complaint.1 Territorial / Protective. When a person or an animal comes into an area that your dog considers to be its territory, it will bark. This can be lessened by restricting its visual stimulation, such as covering the windows or putting up screens at the doors. 2 Separation Anxiety. Dogs are social animals and may become anxious when left alone.Barking Dog Complaint Information What Do You Do? A barking dog can be annoying and disruptive to a neighborhood for both the neighbors and owners. In Marion County Code 6.05.050, a disturbing dog noise is described as barking, whining, howling or similar sounds. If a dog(s) barks, whines, howls or makes similar sounds for more than fifteen ... lifting a suburban Process to File a Barking Dog Criminal Charge. Talk to your neighbor. Try mediation. Document dates and times when dog (s) are barking. Obtain signatures of at least 3 parties (no more than 2 of the parties may reside at the same residence). Gather evidence such as videotapes, audio tapes, or written log of barking incidents. MAIL: OC ANIMAL CARE, BARKING DOG/NUISANCE ANIMAL PROGRAM 1630 VICTORY ROAD, TUSTIN, CA 92782. FAX: (714) 259-1087. CONTACT THE BARKING DOG/ANIMAL NUISANCE PROGRAM AT (714) 796-6442 WITH ANY QUESTIONS REGARDING THE PROPER COMPLETION OF THIS FORM OR THE BARKING DOG … date ideas los angeles RCA TVs have been a popular choice for consumers seeking affordable and reliable televisions. However, like any electronic device, they are not exempt from occasional issues or com...The Process to File a Barking Dog Complaint. Talk to your neighbor. Document dates and times when dog is barking. Use audio and or video to further document. Gather all evidence (written logs and audio/video). Call the non-emergency number 480-782-4130 to request an officer respond.Step 1: When Animal Control receives a complaint of a barking dog, an Animal Control Officer will leave a "Complaint Notice" at the residence of the barking dog. If no additional complaints are received within 30 days, this is the end of the process. Step 2: If another complaint on the same barking dog is received more than 24 hours after the ... mock up shirts Dogs make amazing pets for a variety of reasons. They’re often protective of their owners, help keep you active, can help relieve stress or anxiety, and offer a level of companions...If you are considering calling animal control about a barking dog, there are a few things to keep in mind. First, it is important to determine if the dog is actually barking excessively or if the noise is coming from another source. Second, animal control officers typically only investigate complaints that are made during business hours.Businesses and individuals who use the Internet are vulnerable to a wide range of cyber crimes, such as online extortion, identity theft and computer hacking. Hacking occurs when s...Answers (3) Answer #1. That based on the above facts in my opinion you could lodge a complaint under the prevention of cruelty to animals act, as under section 11 (g) of the act their action would amount to cruelty. Also you could file a police complaint under section 268 and 290 of Indian Penal Code for public nuisance.Since dogs were first domesticated, they have been and will always be man’s best friend. From old-school working dogs to modern ball-fetching fidos, dogs set the gold standard for ...Complaints that are considered a public nuisance (barking, damage to property, or impeding lawful movement) are required to be submitted in writing. Please contact a Community Service Officer at (530) 550-2320 for additional information. FILE A COMPLAINT ONLINE: Barking Complaint Form | Animal Complaint Form . …Dog barking is one of HAS’s most common citizen complaints. For many on the receiving end of the barking, the noise can be a source of anxiety, angst or annoyance that can last for days, weeks, months and even years at a time. Dr. Sheppard recently spoke to the Huntsville City Council about dog barking and what Huntsville residents dealing ... A keeper of a dog maintains a public nuisance if the keeper fails to comply with reasonable restrictions imposed under ORS 609.990 (Penalties for ORS 609.060, 609.095, 609.098, 609.100, 609.169 and 609.405) or if a keeper fails to provide acceptable proof of compliance to the court on or before the 10th day after issuance of the order imposing ... Examples of this are barking for prolonged periods, frequent excessive barking, and barking at unreasonable hours, such as early morning or late at night. Officers can then serve a noise abatement ...barking dog, call King County Animal Control (206-296-7387). For all other noise problems, you should call the Bellevue Police Department (425-452-6917). If it is a stationary source noise problem, Code Compliance will come to your property with a noise ... Animal Noises: Dog barking is the most common complaint. For a full discussion of ...Palm Beach County Ordinance allows an Animal Control Officer to investigate an alleged nuisance dog barking complaint, after two (2) sworn affidavits of complaint have been provided to the Animal Care and Control Division. The affidavits must be completed and signed by at least two (2) unrelated people, living in separate dwellings in the close ... This is because the person reporting the noise (victim) must be willing to give their information and even possibly appear in court if criminal charges are brought against the dog owner. The process for noisy animal complaints is as follows: File a complaint online through Contact Henderson. You may also phone in your complaint to 702-267-4980 ... Barking is the normal way a dog communicates vocally, but a barking dog can be a serious neighborhood nuisance. Some suggestions if your dog is barking and disturbing your neighbours: Take your dog inside when he/she starts to bark. Sometimes dogs bark when they are not getting adequate care, if they are lonely, bored or looking for attention.NUISANCE is defined as: “Excessive barking that deprives others of the comfortable enjoyment of their homes. When the barking is loud, frequent and continues over a long period of time, it is legally defined as a “Public …It is against City & County of Honolulu law for a dog to bark constantly for 10 minutes, or unprovoked for 30 minutes on and off, to the disturbance of others. Dogs bark for many reasons, some of them are perfectly natural and to be expected, others can be a sign that the animal is in distress. Try talking to your neighbor first.MAIL: OC ANIMAL CARE, BARKING DOG/NUISANCE ANIMAL PROGRAM 1630 VICTORY ROAD, TUSTIN, CA 92782. FAX: (714) 259-1087. CONTACT THE BARKING DOG/ANIMAL NUISANCE PROGRAM AT (714) 796-6442 WITH ANY QUESTIONS REGARDING THE PROPER COMPLETION OF THIS FORM OR THE BARKING DOG … moodboardlifted toyota highlander How to Report Problem Barking. Animal Control recommends talking face to face with the dog's owner as a first step. We offer a Problem Barking Brochure (PDF) as a guide for dog owners that might be of assistance. If all of this is unsuccessful, you may call 303-271-5070, ext. 0 and file a formal complaint.Meta announced its intent to buy the developer of VR fitness app 'Supernatural' shortly after it rebranded last year. Meta submitted a request to dismiss the Federal Trade Commissi... buzzballz alcohol An IndiGo passengers said he was dragged off a plane after complaining of mosquitoes. The airline tells a different story. A passenger on IndiGo, a large budget carrier in India, s...Before contacting Animal Control to file a formal complaint of nuisance barking, it is recommended that you contact the dog owner first. Bark Ender™ provides you the opportunity to contact the dog owner anonymously. Visit Bark Ender ™ for more information. Dog Owners Click Here for bark control information. To contact Animal Control or for ...Oct 12, 2015 · Barking. Monday, October 12, 2015 | Barking is a common complaint from both dog owners and their neighbors. Occasional barking is natural, but continuous barking for long periods of time is a problem that needs to be addressed. The first step. Find out why or when your dog is barking. Understanding the causes will help you best address the problem. Kitsap Animal Control does NOT handle the following: Reports for injured or orphaned wildlife. All wildlife inquiries are handled by West Sound Wildlife Shelter, (206) 855-9057. Removal of dead wildlife from roadways-. Kitsap County roads: KC Sheriff’s Department (360) 337-7101. State roads and highways: WA State Patrol, (360) 473-0300.Make sure your dog has enough to do every day to stop them from getting bored. Establish a good routine - your dog may be barking to communicate that they want to play, want …Barking is a natural behaviour of dogs, but excessive or distressing barking can be a problem for neighbours. Learn the reasons for barking, how to approach your …If the dog barks every time you step into your yard or venture near his property, try blocking his vision by planting a hedge or … Barking Dog Complaint Form. Thank you for giving us the opportunity to help you with this issue. To report a barking issue, please complete the Barking Dog Complaint Form below. This will result in a notification letter to the Dog Owner regarding the complaint. For complete details, see C.V.M.C. 6.24.040 or call 619-476-2476 to discuss the matter. Alpha heaters are known for their efficiency and reliability. However, like any other heating system, they may encounter issues from time to time. In this article, we will discuss ...Palm Beach County Ordinance allows an Animal Control Officer to investigate an alleged nuisance dog barking complaint, after two (2) sworn affidavits of complaint have been provided to the Animal Care and Control Division. The affidavits must be completed and signed by at least two (2) unrelated people, living in separate dwellings in the close ...For complaints that do go to court, Schellhaas says excessive barking is a misdemeanor and the judge could fine you up to 300 dollars. "Or they can even take your animal away from you. Depending on how severe the complaint is and your actions you have taken to it," Schellhaas said. KBOI-TV CBS 2 covers news, sports, traffic, and …A long-running EU engagement with TikTok — initiated following a series of complaints over child safety and consumer protection complaints filed back in February 2021 — has ended, ...sent to the scene to assess the complaint. 2. In the case of animal noise complaints (i.e., barking dogs) the call taker should ascertain from the caller if suspicious circumstances exist that may connect the noise with another criminal offense (i.e., trespassing, burglary, or theft) and relay such information to the police radio dispatcher (PRD).The San Diego Police Department does not respond to calls about barking dogs. Complainants can try talking to the owner, contacting the landlord or mediation through the National Conflict Resolution Center at 619-238-2400. You can also submit a Request for Investigation to City of San Diego Code Enforcement.Step 1: When Animal Control receives a complaint of a barking dog, an Animal Control Officer will leave a "Complaint Notice" at the residence of the barking dog. If no additional complaints are received within 30 days, this is the end of the process. Step 2: If another complaint on the same barking dog is received more than 24 hours after the ...Animal Nuisance Complaint Form and Instructions (PDF, 101.34 KB) The form must include the date and times of the violation and meet the guidelines, defined as a dog barking repeatedly for 10 minutes or intermittent episodes lasting a minimum 30 minutes. (The requirements are the same for other non-canine animal noises.)In Aurora, pet owners are responsible to ensure that their dogs are not creating a disturbance in the neighborhood (Sec. 14-72). Contact us at 303.326.8288 or online through Access Aurora to file your complaint. Provide the exact address of the barking dog residence. If possible, provide us with a basic description of the vocalizing dog. To report a barking dog in Albuquerque, submit an online Animal Noise Complaint or call 311. Report a Barking Dog. My Neighbor's Dog Makes Too Much Noise. What Can I Do About It? You can call 311 or fill out an online form. A letter will be sent to the owner, giving a seven-day notice to resolve the problem. If the noise continues after seven ... best chocolate cake nycpizza without cheese Some dog owners don’t realize that excessive barking can hurt their dogs if it’s not addressed promptly. Excessive barking can cause a sore throat and damage a …As a consumer, you have a wide array of options for companies to use when you purchase goods and services. If you have a problem with a company not performing as it should, you hav...According to the ASPCA, citronella is toxic to dogs in large doses, but small quantities are not harmful. The ASPCA notes that citronella is safe for use in collars that deter dogs...FILING AN ANIMAL NOISE COMPLAINT . If you live in one of Pasadena Humane’s 11 service cities, the following is the process to declare a neighbor’s pet a “public nuisance”: Step 1: Complete the Animal Noise Complaint Form. Step 2: Pasadena Humane will make a reasonable effort to find resolution to the reported problem by contacting the pet’s …This is done by completing and returning a barking dog log (diary). Council will address barking dog complaints according to the barking dog process. Anti-bark collars. Barking collars are designed to provide behavioural correction when you are not at home. Anit-barking collars should only be used under the guidance of a certified behavioural ...Dog barking is one of HAS’s most common citizen complaints. For many on the receiving end of the barking, the noise can be a source of anxiety, angst or annoyance that can last for days, weeks, months and even years at a time. Dr. Sheppard recently spoke to the Huntsville City Council about dog barking and what Huntsville residents dealing ...If you are experiencing a problem with a barking dog, you must submit a written complaint to the Animal Shelter serving your area. To file a complaint, you must write a letter … concrete repair driveway sent to the scene to assess the complaint. 2. In the case of animal noise complaints (i.e., barking dogs) the call taker should ascertain from the caller if suspicious circumstances exist that may connect the noise with another criminal offense (i.e., trespassing, burglary, or theft) and relay such information to the police radio dispatcher (PRD).The “new” law that’s making headline across South Africa defines excessive barking as “any dog that barks for more than six minutes in an hour or more than three minutes in any half-hour.”. According to the headlines, dog owners can be fined a maximum of R20,000 if their dog’s barking exceeds the threshold. In fact, this law and its ...Process to File a Barking Dog Criminal Charge. Talk to your neighbor. Try mediation. Document dates and times when dog (s) are barking. Obtain signatures of at least 3 parties (no more than 2 of the parties may reside at the same residence). Gather evidence such as videotapes, audio tapes, or written log of barking incidents.Neighbor Complaints; Continuous dog barking can strain neighbor relationships and lead to complaints. Your neighbors have a right to peaceful enjoyment of their homes, and incessant barking can interfere with that right. If your neighbors file complaints about your dog’s barking, you may be subject to legal action or fines. … how to share a large video filegreat floor cleaner Make sure your dog has enough to do every day to stop them from getting bored. Establish a good routine - your dog may be barking to communicate that they want to play, want food or need attention. Make sure that you have a daily routine in place for your dog which includes meal times as well as play and exercise, at around the same time each day. To report a barking dog during the day, contact Animal Services and provide the physical address where the dog is located. Animal Services initially responds to these complaints with a letter to the owner advising that a complaint has been made, and provides educational materials on why dogs bark and actions the owner can take to help alleviate ... restaurants with happy hour near me Legal Definition of Excessive Barking in California. Excessive barking in California is defined as a nuisance act that causes a reasonable person to be disturbed or annoyed.. The law defines it as any continuous, repetitive, unnecessary, and excessive dog barking which continues for an extended period of time and substantially interferes with …The city noise code prohibits dogs from barking continuously for more than 10 minutes from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m., or for more than five minutes from 10 p.m. to 7 a.m. …CLICK HERE to download the Barking Dog Complaint Form which may be submitted in the following ways: MAIL: OC Animal Care. Barking Dog/Animal Nuisance Program. 1630 Victory Road. Tustin, CA 92782. EMAIL: [email protected]. OCCO Sec. 4-1-3 and Sec. 4-1-59 were recently amended.No se requiere mascarilla o protectores faciales para entrar al Tribunal Municipal de Phoenix, 300 W. Washington Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85003-2103. If you have questions, would like to confirm a court date, or have an updated address or phone number, please contact the Phoenix City Prosecutor’s Office at 602-262-6461. Si tiene preguntas, le ... what channel is warriors game onhe they Examples of this are barking for prolonged periods, frequent excessive barking, and barking at unreasonable hours, such as early morning or late at night. Officers can then serve a noise abatement ... 4. Share your documentation with Animal Services. Email the completed Barking Dog Complaint Form (PDF) (keeping a copy for your records) to Snohomish County Animal Services at [email protected] . You will be contacted by the Animal Services Coordinator who will provide you with a case number. Get legal advice. 1. Avoid making enemies with the owner of the barking dog. You want the dog's owner to assist you and resolve the situation. Be nice, be respectful, and don't criticise them. 2. Try to understand the situation and offer sympathy. Dale Carnegie, in "How to Win Friends and Influence People", says that about 75% of the …Complaints against airlines are increasing as more people realize they can file grievances with the government about bad flights. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newslette... To report barking, a person must first document the barking to prove it violates county law. Download our Barking Dog Complaint Letter for detailed instructions. It is highly recommended you record the barking (either 10 minutes of continuous barking or 20 minutes of intermittent barking) as evidence to support your case. Barking can signify anything from playfulness to danger. However, dogs can bark excessively when they are. chained to a fixed point without enough room to move, or kept in a space which is too small. victims of abuse. If you suspect a dog is being mistreated, contact an RSPCA inspector on (02) 9770 7555 or 1300 278 3589, or visit the RSPCA …By letter, email or in person. Document the notification and all attempts. If the dog continues to bark and: proper notification was made or, all reasonable attempts to notify the owner fail, go to Step Two. Step Two: (Optional, but highly recommended) SOLVE THE PROBLEM. Contact the nearest Hawaii Island Humane Society.Meta announced its intent to buy the developer of VR fitness app 'Supernatural' shortly after it rebranded last year. Meta submitted a request to dismiss the Federal Trade Commissi...Nov 1, 2019 · An online complaint form is available. In the cities of Carlsbad, Del Mar, El Cajon, Encinitas, Escondido, La Mesa, Oceanside, Poway, San Marcos, Santee, Solana Beach or Vista, contact San Diego Humane Society by filling out a barking dog complaint form. Residents of the unincorporated county can call 858-694-3741. Just over a year after launching a major project targeting thousands of sites blatantly flouting cookie tracking rules in Europe, regional privacy campaign group noyb has fired off...In Brisbane, animal noise such as a barking dog, a squawking parrot or the trilling call of a guinea-hen is considered a nuisance when it unreasonably disrupts or inhibits activities at adjoining premises or nearby residential land. Under Council’s Animals Local Law 2017 (the local law), a person must not keep an animal if it causes a noise ...A family 's response to a neighbor's complaint about their barking dogs has sparked fury online. Rather than acknowledging the problem or promising to solve it, the family suggested that the irate ...A dog’s bark can be between 60 and 110 decibels or more in volume. The loudest dog in the world, as of 2013, had a bark that was 113.1 decibels. Most dogs bark between 80 and 90 de...Maine barking laws differ across counties. For example, York laws allow dogs to bark for 30 minutes intermittently and 10 minutes continuously. Meanwhile, Wilton and …Washoe County Ordinance 55.125 – Keep of Noisy Animals. "Except as provided in NRS 40.140, it is unlawful for any person to keep, harbor or own any animal which ... Prior to complaining, Corona Animal Services and enforcement recommends the following actions: 1. Contacting the potential noisy animal owner to inform them that their animal is causing a nuisance. The owner of a barking dog often does not know the dog is barking for many different reasons. Owners of barking dogs are best dealt with as neighbors. 1.Corgi. While it's true that some Corgis don't bark, it's a fairly common trait with both breeds - the Pembroke Welsh Corgi and the Cardigan Welsh Corgi. where to get the best fried chicken near medating sites for people over 50 Businesses and individuals who use the Internet are vulnerable to a wide range of cyber crimes, such as online extortion, identity theft and computer hacking. Hacking occurs when s...Sit quietly for a moment and pay attention to the different sounds around you. You might hear appliances beeping, cars honking, a dog barking, someone sneezing. These are all noise... miyoo mini plus grip case For instance, if a dog is a fan of “demand barking” whenever it’s bored, take a long walk before a Zoom meeting and offer it a puzzle feeder or a Kong stuffed with …Seek Additional Assistance. If speaking with your neighbor has not reduced the barking, the Animal Services Division at 972-292-5303 and the Frisco Police Department at 972-292-6010 may be contacted to assist. Animal Services staff respond to barking complaints during the day between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. After hours, the police will respond.Reasons for barking. Dogs bark for many reasons and often relate to how the dog is feeling. A dog’s state of mind will vary and be influenced by previous experiences and environmental factors. ... However, if approaching your neighbour directly is not an option, then reporting the complaint to the local authority may be necessary. Using ...Animal Services responds to barking dog complaints within the city limits of Olympia, Lacey and Tumwater. At this time, there is no one assigned to respond to barking …Get legal advice. 1. Avoid making enemies with the owner of the barking dog. You want the dog's owner to assist you and resolve the situation. Be nice, be respectful, and don't criticise them. 2. Try to understand the situation and offer sympathy. Dale Carnegie, in "How to Win Friends and Influence People", says that about 75% of the … You can search for your local council to report a noise nuisance in England and Wales. There’s a different way to: report a noise nuisance in Scotland. report a noise nuisance in Northern Ireland. Have you recently filed a complaint with the Better Business Bureau (BBB) and want to know its current status? The BBB provides consumers with a simple and transparent process to t...The frequent barking, howling or squawking made by a pet dog, cat or bird left outside on the patio, or at an open window and can be heard at a distance of one hundred feet (100) from the building, structure or yard where the animal is located is a noise ordinance violation. To report a barking dog call Non-Emergency MDPD at 305-476-5423.The following outlines the escalation of enforcement that Augusta Animal Services uses to address nuisance barking: 1. Issue a warning to the dog owner after the first complaint from a non-anonymous witness. 2. Issue a citation for the dog owner to appear in court if there are continued complaints after the 1stwarning and any the following ...Barking Dogs. Barking dog issues are addressed through the local noise ordinances of the city or town. If you have a barking dog issue and the owner resides in an unincorporated area, you may call Maricopa County Animal Care and Control at 602-506-7387. Click below for more information about what you can do about barking dogs.As a consumer, you have a wide array of options for companies to use when you purchase goods and services. If you have a problem with a company not performing as it should, you hav...Is your dog barking too much? If the problem doesn’t get resolved. If you don’t take steps to solve the problem, and your local authority receives complaints about the noise your dog is making, the authority will investigate the complaint. The local authority may seek to resolve the problem by mediating between you and have i fallen out of love or am i depressedmusic distribution free The “new” law that’s making headline across South Africa defines excessive barking as “any dog that barks for more than six minutes in an hour or more than three minutes in any half-hour.”. According to the headlines, dog owners can be fined a maximum of R20,000 if their dog’s barking exceeds the threshold.The following is the current animal noise complaint enforcement process and meets the administrative hearing requirements of proof that the noise disturbs “the public peace, quiet or comfort of the neighboring inhabitants.”Barking. Monday, October 12, 2015 | Barking is a common complaint from both dog owners and their neighbors. Occasional barking is natural, but continuous barking for long periods of time is a problem that needs to be addressed. The first step. Find out why or when your dog is barking. Understanding the causes will help you best address the …The “new” law that’s making headline across South Africa defines excessive barking as “any dog that barks for more than six minutes in an hour or more than three minutes in any half-hour.”. According to the headlines, dog owners can be fined a maximum of R20,000 if their dog’s barking exceeds the threshold. In fact, this law and its ...Dog Barking Complaint Letter Examples. 1. The Gentle Reminder “Dear [Neighbor’s Name], I hope this letter finds you well. I wanted to bring up a small issue regarding the barking of your lovely dog, [Dog’s Name]. Lately, it’s been a bit more frequent, especially during late hours. It would be great if you could look into it. You can search for your local council to report a noise nuisance in England and Wales. There’s a different way to: report a noise nuisance in Scotland. report a noise nuisance in Northern Ireland. Animal Nuisance Complaint Form and Instructions (PDF, 101.34 KB) The form must include the date and times of the violation and meet the guidelines, defined as a dog barking repeatedly for 10 minutes or intermittent episodes lasting a minimum 30 minutes. (The requirements are the same for other non-canine animal noises.) naked attractiveness The frequent barking, howling or squawking made by a pet dog, cat or bird left outside on the patio, or at an open window and can be heard at a distance of one hundred feet (100) from the building, structure or yard where the animal is located is a noise ordinance violation. To report a barking dog call Non-Emergency MDPD at 305-476-5423.Barking Dogs. Barking dog issues are addressed through the local noise ordinances of the city or town. If you have a barking dog issue and the owner resides in an unincorporated area, you may call Maricopa County Animal Care and Control at 602-506-7387. Click below for more information about what you can do about barking dogs.Animal Services responds to barking dog complaints within the city limits of Olympia, Lacey and Tumwater. At this time, there is no one assigned to respond to barking …In some places, barking dogs are covered by a specific state or local ordinance. For example, Massachusetts law allows neighbors to make a formal complaint to the town's board of selectmen (city council) about a dog that is a nuisance because of "excessive barking." (Mass. Gen. Laws Ann. Ch. 140, § 157.) The board holds a hearing and makes ... repair crack in windshieldpeacock yellowstone season 5 ---2